This study attempts to demystify "secularism," which has become one of the most important terms in analytical discourse, and to arrive at a complex definition with high explanatory power. The author differentiates between what he calls partial secularism (separation of religion from the state while remaining silent on ultimate issues) and comprehensive secularism (separation of human, moral, and religious values from life in its public and private aspects, and the desacralization of humanity and nature, so that the entire world becomes a utilitarian material exploited by the powerful for their own benefit).